By Jeffrey Buchanan
Nearly 200 New Orleans residents and supporters assembled on a Saturday morning in August along the Monticello Canal to do something their government had refused to do: build a levee. Louisiana ACORN, a community-based association fighting for the rights of low and moderate income families, organized the demonstration forming a “Human Levee for Human Rights” and demanding residents’ rights to equitable flood protection.
A young man sitting in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.
A reinforced levee and floodwall protects Jefferson Parish, a demographically whiter and wealthier neighbor of Orleans Parish, from the Monticello Canal. Despite defenses reaching 12 feet above the ground on one side, the predominantly working-class, African-American neighborhood of Carrollton-Hollygrove bordering the Orleans Parish side the canal stands unprotected. This inexplicable disparity provides a shocking view into environmental injustices faced by numerous African-American neighborhoods in New Orleans.
“This neighborhood has always flooded during heavy rains,” longtime resident and ACORN neighborhood chair Joe Sherman told protesters as rain clouds loomed ominously over head. “Our community is left vulnerable while the state, the Army Corps of Engineers, and the Water and Sewerage Board keep pointing fingers.”
Sherman, who worked for 20 years in the engineering department of the Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans, explained how he and his neighbors have been fighting for years, even before Hurricane Katrina, for flood protection but had been told their community was not a priority. During the New Orleans recovery planning process, residents set flood protection as a top priority, but planners determined it would not be addressed for five years or more in Carrollton-Hollygrove.
Since the Army Corps of Engineers took over the New Orleans flood control system in 1965, residents said Carrollton-Hollygrove flooded eight different times. Floodwaters reached 8 feet in some homes after Hurricane Katrina. Making matters worse, the current city drainage system pumps more water into the Monticello Canal than is pumped out, frequently forcing floodwaters over into this neighborhood during most major rain events.
“The risks increase for these residents because there is protection on one side, and no protection on the other,” said Stephen Bradberry, Louisiana ACORN head organizer and 2005 Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award winner. “How can you say the community is not at risk when you have protected one half of the community and not the other?”
Leftovers from the Age of Slavery
Dr. Robert Bea, lead investigator on the National Science Foundation’s inquiry into the New Orleans flood protection system, confirmed that placing a levee and floodwall on one side along the Monticello Canal but not the other had no grounding in science.
“It is a perfect example of the disconnected, incomplete nature of this flood protection system,” said Bea in a recent interview. “Much of what happened [there] during Katrina represents the leftovers from the age of slavery in the South.”
The Chicago Tribune in a recent report revealed that the $1.6 billion worth of work by the Corp of Engineers since Katrina has overwhelmingly benefited New Orleans wealthier, white neighborhoods, continuing to leave African-American neighborhoods vulnerable.
Forming a Human Levee
To expose the inequity and garner attention to the dangers of inadequate protection that lower income residents face, demonstrators formed a human levee stretching over a third of a mile.
Participants included local residents, ACORN members from across the city, United Teachers of New Orleans, and AFL-CIO members, as well as supporters from the Washington, D.C.-based Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Center for Human Rights.
As protesters lined the Monticello Canal, Kerry Kennedy, daughter of the assassinated senator, told the crowd how African slaves 200 years ago in New Orleans were stacked one on top of another, forming a human levee, to protect white properties from oncoming floodwaters.
Kennedy equated this to the current discriminatory flood protection system where predominantly Black neighborhoods remain vulnerable while white communities receive increased protection. Such inequality makes it harder for African-American families to return home, in violation of international human rights law. She further noted that continued government inaction to provide equitable flood protection violates international human rights laws on internal displacement.
While some residents have not been able to return, many homes are showing signs of coming back. Lifetime Hollygrove resident Nyra Humphries is almost finished repairing her home. Seeing the Monticello Canal everyday, she cannot help but worry that her months of hard work will be in vain.
"It's hard to put so much time and money into my home when there's no work done to prevent more flooding," Humphries said.
Many more of New Orleans’ displaced residents want to return, but fear the risks of inadequate flood protection in Carrollton-Hollygrove and other areas across the city.
During the rally, residents demanded a temporary floodwall be built immediately. New Orleans City Councilwoman Shelley Midura, who represents the neighborhood, promised residents that a study to determine the cause of the flooding would begin soon and lead to action by the Sewerage and Water Board to build a flood wall. She remained hopeful that the Army Corps of Engineers could eventually be convinced to build a more permanent flood protection.
Church groups from Milwaukee, who had been repairing homes in the 9th Ward with ACORN, took a break to lend their support to the protest.
"We thought it was important to work on the problem from a different angle," Freesia McKee, a volunteer, told the New Orleans Times-Picayune.
After the rally, ACORN’s Bradberry told the church group volunteers about the struggle faced by residents to return to the city and the hurdles placed by various levels of government.
"The people of New Orleans need you to go home and tell your friends, tell you federal representatives about what you've seen and heard," he said. "Our federal government needs to undergo a fundamental shift toward helping all its displaced citizens to realize their rights to return and rebuild their lives and communities."
Editor’s note: Jeffrey Buchanan is a freelance writer, human rights advocate, and program officer with the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Center for Human Rights in Washington, D.C.
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